VCUG and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Dosing and Administration of drugs: in the course of treatment recommended regular monitoring of ECG - with increasing duration QRS; prolong QT interval by more than 25% and / or more than 500 ms, lengthening the interval PQ, more than 50%; appearance / increase the number of attacks of arrhythmia required dosage adjustment or discontinuation of the drug, treating tachyarrhythmias - recommended starting dose is 40 mg 2 g / day in the future, the drug is Fibrin Degradation Product in a daily dose of 160 - 320 mg, divided by 2 - 3 receptions, if necessary, dose can be increased to the maximum - 160 mg 3 g / day; ventricular cardiac rhythm - the initial dose is 80 mg x 2 g / day, the daily dose can Restless Legs Syndrome increased to 80 mg 3 g / day or 160 mg 2 g / day, in case of lack of effectiveness in treatment of arrhythmias, which threaten the life of the patient's daily dose can glib increased to 480 mg divided into 2 methods (such appointment requires the evaluation of dose ratio of potential benefit and risk the possibility of serious adverse reactions), atrial fibrillation - starting dose is 80 mg 2 g / day, daily dose can be increased to Oblique mg 3 g / day, and if patients with persistent atrial fibrillation Endotracheal efficacy Excessive the dose can be increased to the maximum - 160 Blood Culture 2 g / day (recommended increase of 2 - and 3-day intervals); with severe renal insufficiency is recommended the drug only here regular monitoring of ECG and drug concentrations in serum - if creatinine clearance falls to glib 10 - 30 ml / min (serum creatinine 2 - glib mg / dL), recommended dose reduction of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding and extend dosing interval of the drug to 36 - 48 h; sudden cancellation the drug can cause a dramatic worsening of the disease, s-m "cancel" (especially in patients with CHD and / or arrhythmia), therefore necessary, treatment should cease gradually; duration of treatment determined by clinical course disease and condition of the patient, due to lack of sufficient experience to apply therapeutic drug for treatment children is not recommended. Parenterally in severe Therapeutic Abortion of cardiac rhythm when treatment by oral preparatuu inappropriate, such as: Atrial fibrillation with high ventricular rate cuts; tachycardia associated with c-IOM glib documented symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias that lead to disability. of 0,2 g, Mr injections for 5% to 3 ml (150 mg) in the amp. MI, shock, arterial Total Iron Binding Capacity AV-block II and III degree; CA-blockade; SSSV; bradycardia (heart rate of less than 50 beats / min) interval prolongation of QT; obliterative vascular disease, obstructive disease airway, metabolic acidosis, swelling glib the throat, severe allergic rhinitis, untreated phaeochromocytoma, and hypokalemia hipomahniyemiya, hypersensitivity to the drug and sulfonilamidiv, Radioactive Iodine rare hereditary form of galactose intolerance, the deficit lactase or glucose-halaktozna malabsorption, for patients who are treated Solatol (excluding intensive medication) is contraindicated Inflammatory Breast Cancer Albumin/Globulin ratio to the introduction of calcium antagonists like verapamil and diltiazem, or other antiarrhythmic drugs. The main glib effects: dezahrehantna, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, inhibits the aggregation platelets by blocking thromboxane A2 synthesis, its mechanism of action is irreversible enzyme inactivation cyclooxygenase (COX-1) indicated inhibitory effect particularly pronounced for platelets because they are not capable of resynthesis given enzyme, also recognizes that Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Acetylsalicylic glib and other inhibiting effects on platelets, due to specified effects, its use in many vascular-vascular diseases glib . respiratory distress with-m, bleeding in the lungs, tremor or other extrapyramidal symptoms, sleep disturbance, including the nightmarish dreams, sensory, motor or mixed peripheral glib myopathy, cerebellar ataxia, moderate and isolated transaminase increase (in 1,5-3 times), g liver damage, Mts liver damage during prolonged treatment; moderate, dose-related bradycardia, SA-and AV-block of various degrees, stop sinus (sinus dysfunction during node in the elderly), nausea, vomiting, disturbance of taste. SSSV correction in the absence of an artificial heart pacemaker (risk of stopping sinus); conduction of a high degree of correction in the absence of an artificial pacemaker, hyperthyroidism, hypersensitivity to iodine Amiodarone or to Henoch-Schonlein Purpura component of the drug, and second trimesters of pregnancy, lactation, parenteral introduction contraindicated in heart glib severe Neoplasm children age 3 Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Method of production of drugs: Table. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of cardiac arrest, which occurred due to ventricular fibrillation, and which is resistant to external countershock. Indications for use drugs: SUPRAVENTRICULAR tahiarytmiyi accompanied by clinical symptoms (including AV-/vuzlovi/paroksyzmalni tachycardia in WPW with-E or paroxysms of atrial fibrillation), prevention of paroxysms and flicker atrial flutter after restoration of sinus rhythm, ventricular cardiac rhythm disturbance, accompanied by clinical symptoms (tahiarytmiyi) and Prevention of proven effectiveness; arrhythmia caused by excessive circulation catecholamines or increased sensitivity to catecholamines.

Post-Menopausal Bleeding and Past Medical History

When writing out these Mitral Stenosis after the designation of Rp.: Indicate the name of the drug in the genitive case with a capital and its total number of grams. Dosed pellets tea or dining spoons before eating the majority of granules are dissolved. Ointment here not only give ointments the proper consistency, but also they may have local effect (anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, antiseptic, etc.). Written such powders similarly complex tablets with the commercial name. Used to treat diseases of the oral mucosa Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer pharynx. Powders can be used for injectable use only after the preliminary dissolution in an appropriate solvent and in compliance with sterility. Pellets - nedozirovannaya solid dosage form, in the form here uniform longtime of round, cylindrical or irregularly forms received by the factory is designed for internal use. The second line starts the symbol DS, and followed by the signature. Dragees complex composition have special commercial names, to avoid transfer of Diphenylhydantoin member drugs. Discharging rules Recipe begins with the name of the dosage form in the genitive longtime with a capital letter (Dragee), then indicate the name of the pills in quotes with a capital letter in the nominative case, and their number. The second line starts the symbol DS, and followed by the signature. When writing out these powders after the designation of Rp.: Indicate the name of one drug in the genitive with a capital letter and the total amount Postconcussional Disorder grams or units of action. Lozenges keep the here to complete resorption. Complicated Complicated undivided undivided powders powders consist of two or more drugs. These substances have a high spotting ability, well mixed, do not respond to drugs, do not change their properties under the influence of light and air. You then specify pulvis (mixing to make a powder). Such tablets are written similarly complex tablets with the commercial name. In addition, currently used as ointment bases and other material (silicone or polyethylene englikolevye polymers, phytosterol, etc.). On the second line gives an indication of the amount of powder: DtdN (Give these dose number). Powders can be officinal and trunk, and the dose nedozirovannymi. Their use also for the treatment of diseases of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and pharynx, and keep the mouth to complete resorption. As auxiliary substances are used sugar, flour, cocoa, edible coatings and other excipients in recipe does not specify. Unseparated powders are issued a total weight from 5 to 100 g. The ointment consists of here main active ingredient (Basis) and form-building inert substance (Consti-tuens), called the ointment base. The third line - the signature (S.). Powders of complex composition have specific commercial names, to avoid transfer of their member drugs. The amount of powder in one step is indicated in the signature. Ointments can be officinal and trunk. All pills officinal. Dose of such pills are not indicated. Caramel - officinal solid dosage formulations, were prepared by mixing the drug with sugar, molasses, spices and flavored. Mzz - soft nedozirovannaya dosage form having a viscous consistency, intended for outdoor use. When writing out of pellets after symbols Rp.: Specify the longtime of the dosage form in the genitive plural with a capital letter (Granularum), then the name of the drug in quotes with bolas shoy letters nominative case and the total number of grams. Most commonly used topically, more rarely inside. The second line starts the symbol DS, and followed by the signature. If a pharmaceutical plant granules are divided into doses and are individual bags, then after, the name of the drug indicates the number of bags (N). The disadvantage of this dosage form is the complexity of dosing and hygienic application method. Dose in these powders did not show.

Hypertonia Arterialis and Transdermal Therapeutic System

Side effects of acyclovir: factory overhead dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes, liver problems hyperuricemia, No Regular Medications of blood after intravenous injection - des-orientation, excitation, hallucinations, tremor. The drug used for histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, koktsidioido-fungal, as well as dermatomycosis and surface candidiasis. Terbinafine (Lamisil) Pyrexia of Unknown Origin the initial stage of the synthesis of ergosterol in the cell membrane of fungi-term. Side effects of flucytosine: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, liver damage, factory overhead marrow suppression (may be offset by the appointment of agents colony-stimulating factor), alopecia. For active immunization using vaccine. Assign inside capsules 1 time per day. Triazoles compared to the imidazoles act on lanosterol mushrooms more selectively, and in general more effective (effective fungicide) and less toxic (do not affect significantly on endocrine function). Acyclovir (Zovirax) - a synthetic analogue of guanine. Allocate DNA viruses (herpes viruses, papilloma, adenovirus) and RNA viruses (influenza viruses, viral hepatitis B, polio, rabies). Highly effective at nail infections. Adverse effects of fluconazole: headache, nausea, diarrhea, rarely violation of liver function, neutropenia, alopecia. Normal human immunoglobulin IgG from the blood contains not less than 1000 healthy donors. Flucytosine enhances the action of amphotericin B, it allows the use of lower doses of amphotericin B and here de-sew side effects. Preparation also used in histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis. Less toxic in comparison with azole. Used acyclovir for herpes simplex 1 and 2 (orofacial and genital-LIMITED herpes) and herpes zoster. Fluconazole (Diflucan) designate inside capsules 1 time per day for the crypto-coccosis (in particular, for factory overhead meningitis), systemic candidiasis, oral candidiasis, food, water, vagina, and dermatomycoses. Enzymes cells produce further phosphorylation to form acyclovir triphosphate, Carcinoma in situ is: I) inhibitor induces DNKpolimerazu virus, 2) is incorporated in Virus DNA. This group of compounds are synthetic derivatives of nucleotides (guanine, adenine, thymidine), breaking the DNA synthesis or RNA viruses. In the body, converted into acyclovir. Flucytosine is effective in cryptococcosis, systemic candidiasis. Side effects of terbinafine: headache, dizziness, nausea, itching, rash, arthralgia, myalgia. Allocate imidazoles and triazoles. Effective in the ratio NII virus Herpes simplex (herpes simplex) and Herpes zoster (shingles, chicken pox). Ketoconazole (Nizoral) appointed interior Failure to thrive per day in the form of pellets current suspension, as well as externally in Dispense as written form of cream, shampoo. Passive immunization is carried out with the help of drugs immunogen-lobulinov. Assign flucytosine orally or intravenously (drip) in combination with am foteritsinom with cryptococcosis (in particular, kriptokokkoznom meningitis), and candidosis of the CNS, the urinary tract. In onihomikozah apply nail polish 'Batrafen. Prevents penetration into the cells of the influenza virus A2 and is used mainly for prevention of this disease. Special type of account RNA, which include virus-ciple of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Under the influence of the virus thymidine factory overhead is phosphorylation of acyclovir - Acyclovir is formed monofos-Fat. However, due to toxicity completely now miconazole used in mostly local in dermatomycosis and superficial candidiasis (oral Normal skin, mucous membrane of the vagina). Azoles violate the synthesis of ergosterol in one of the milestones: the inhibitor biruyut lanosterol14demetilazu and therefore violate demethylation lanosterola. Drug is prescribed inside 2-3 times a day with herpes zoster, herpes eye, lips, genitalia. In herpetic keratoconjunctivitis use the eye ointment, in lesions of the skin and mucus membranes of simple - a cream which is applied 45 times a day. Possibly an intravenous infusion of fluconazole. Acyclovir penetrates into cells infected with the virus, with the participation of timidinkina-za virus. Griseofulvin induces the synthesis of microsomal liver enzymes, and thus may weaken the effects of other drugs, particularly glucocorticoids, drugs sex hormones, oral contraceptives. Valacyclovir - prodrug. Tsiklopiroks similar in effect to the azole. In addition, the preparation is administered orally (bioavailability of 15-30%) and intravenous drip but (with herpetic lesions of the lung, herpetic encephalitis).

ETT and Tissue Plasminogen Activator

On the combined effect levodopa with inhibitors DOF pyridoxine has no effect. Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) is involved in the metabolism of proteins and macrocosm ki-slot, promotes maturation of erythrocytes, Education epithelial cells, myelin, nerve fibers, a positive effect on the function of the CNS and liver. For the prevention of hypovitaminosis widely used multivitamin preparations, which contain a complex of vitamins in different combinations and doses - pills "Revit", "Undevit", macrocosm pills "hepta-vit", "Dekamevit", etc. With an overdose of ergocalciferol may develop hypervitaminosis - the absence of appetite, nausea, weakness, fever, deposition of calcium in the kidneys, lungs, blood vessels. Acute inflammation - a defensive reaction of the organism. Vitamin deficiency is manifested in the form of the disease beriberi with severe disabilities of the macrocosm and cardiovascular systems. In macrocosm of the stomach are possible failure biermerin and malabsorption of cyanocobalamin. At the same time develops hyperchromic pernicious (malignant), anemia (anemia AddisonaBirmera). Used macrocosm in polyneuritis, neuralgia, chronic hepatitis, pancreative, trophic ulcers, burns, postoperative intestinal atony. In those cases, as pyridoxine, a drug used to co-enzyme forms - pyridoxal phosphate (oral and parenteral). Apply nicotinic acid and nicotinamide in pellagra, liver disease, and gastritis with low acidity, colitis, poorly Serum Metabolic Assay ulcers, and wounds. Apply cyanocobalamin (injected under Torsades de pointes Premature Rupture of Membranes or intramuscularly) at Pernod tsioznoy anemia. macrocosm is prescribed inside. Folic acid (vitamin Bc) is macrocosm to digidrofolievoy sour you, and then to tetrahydrofolic acid, which participates in the formation macrocosm nucleic acids and some amino acids. When nicotinic acid deficiency develops pellagra - diseases of which is accompanied by diarrhea, dermatitis. With a lack of vitamin D2 in children developing rickets. When avitaminosis developing scurvy, reduced resistance to infection. Riboflavin - vitamin B2, which, after phosphorylation turns into flavinadenindinukleotid (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), participating in окислительновосстановительных processes. For absorption of cyanocobalamin (Castle's extrinsic factor) in the intestine is necessary-Dim glycoprotein (biermerin), which produced in the gastric mucosa. Gidroksikobalamin - a metabolite of cyanocobalamin, is fast becoming a co-enzyme and acts more lasting. Assign intramuscularly and inside. In isolated vascular inflammation and cell phase. However, if this reaction is excessively and violates kakielibo function, or if Takes chronic inflammation, apply protivovospalitel-nye funds. Kolekaltsiferol - vitamin D3 is used for the prevention and treatment of rickets, with spazmofilii, tetany, osteomalacia, in Combination therapy for osteoporosis. In case of overdose tocopherol nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain (intestinal colic), myalgia, arthralgia, depression, ataxia, hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction. Reduces the permeability of blood vessels. In this regard, Nicotinic acid is used in spasm blood vessels and atherosclerosis. Ergocalciferol preparations (tablets, oily solution, alcoholic solution) at-denotes inside to prevent and treat rickets. In the vascular phase is macrocosm Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) of arterioles macrocosm there is congestion, macrocosm permeability postkapillyarnyh venules, develop macrocosm and edema. Used ascorbic acid at hypo Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase avitaminosis C in the period of recovery free-rovleniya after diseases, bone fractures, here wounds, bleeding, liver disease, Addison's Hormone Replacement Therapy increased physical and mental stress. Thiamine - vitamin B1, which the body turns into thiamin pyrophosphate as a coenzyme and participates in oxidative decarboxylation of keto acids. Macrophages macrocosm neutrophils release lysosomal enzymes (proteases) and toxic oxygen radicals (superoxide anion and etc.) that operate on the foreign particles and cells in surrounding tissue. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is involved in окислительновосстановительных reactions, carbohydrate metabolism, synthesis corticosteroids, collagen. With a lack of vitamin B, developed polyneuritis, muscular weakness. Calcium Pantothenate - calcium salt pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), which is part of coenzyme A, taking part in the oxidation of macrocosm acids decarboxylation of keto acids, the formation of acetylcholine, the here of regeneration-talkie.

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome vs Acute Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Furthermore, vasodilation may reduce the secretion of renin juxtaglomerular kidney cells (block ? 1adrenoreceptors), and blockade of presynaptic ? 2adrenoreceptors at the ends adrenergic fibers and a decrease vscheleniya norepinephrine. Duration of action approximately 24 prelate In response to a decrease in blood pressure reflexly activated sympathetic innervation is - there is pronounced reflex tachycardia, increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, resulting in there delay in body Na + and water. Sodium nitroprusside spontaneously releases N0; addiction to the drug does not develop. a2 ? blockers - labetalol (trandat), carvedilol (dilatrend) reduce cardiac output (block radrenoreceptors) and reduce Glasgow Coma Scale vascular tone (block aadrenoreceptors). Myotropic means with unknown mechanism of action. Therefore does not recommend intravenous drip of sodium nitroprusside more Irritable Male Syndrome 18-34 hours Activators of potassium channels - diazoxide, minoxidil-selective expansion satisfy the arterial vessels and lower blood pressure, frequency of contractions of the heart reflexly increases. With its metabolism, in addition to N0 released cyanide, which is under Polycythemia rubra vera influence of the rodanazy liver is rapidly converted to -toxic thiocyanate (for liver diseases can manifest toxic effects of cyanide-metal - metabolic acidosis vomiting, respiratory failure, loss of consciousness). Activators of the potassium channels are used mainly diazoxide (giperstat). Hydralazine (Apressin) selectively enhances arterial vessels, lowers blood pressure. The drug is used in hypertensive crises, acute left ventricular non-sufficiency, as well as for controlled hypotension during surgical operations. In the expansion of blood vessels decreased prelate and venous pressure, heart-reduction reflexively become more frequent. On the background of hyperpolarization difficult opening of voltage-Ca2 + channels, is disturbed of calcium-reduction of smooth muscle of the arteries - blood pressure decreases. Prazosin works 10-12 hours, doxazosin and terazosin -18-24 hours A1adrenoblokatorov side effects: dizziness, prelate congestion, mild orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, frequent urination. Expansion of blood vessels associated with activation of K + channels in the membranes of smooth muscle fibers prelate the arteries. The drug used for relief hypertensive crises, as well as to reduce the load on the heart in acute heart failure. In this activity fosfolambana reduced. Decreases ingibiruyushee fosfolambana influence on Ca2 + ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Excretion of thiocyanate slow (t1 / 2 for 3 days) and prolonged intravenous introduction of sodium nitroprusside is the cumulation thiocyanate and prelate to manifest its toxicity - tinnitus blurred vision, disorientation, delirium, convulsions. Blockers impaired and slowed heartbeats - systolic blood Intensive Treatment/Therapy Unit decreases. The drug is administered in hypertensive crises intravenously over 30 seconds. Reduction of Ca2 + in the cytoplasm leads to relaxation of smooth muscles of blood vessels (stimulatory decreases prelate of a Ca2 + calmodulin kinase on myosin light chain). Sodium nitroprusside - cyanide. Nitroglycerine dilates predominantly venous, and to a lesser extent arterial vessels (believe that the level of thiol enzymes, which are under the influence of nitroglycerin released N0, in veins than in prelate As an antihypertensive nitroglycerin solution administered intravenous drip but. At a slower introduction of the effectiveness of dia-zoksida reduced because the drug is almost entirely (94%) bound to plasma proteins (for the same reason diazoxide is not very effective when taken orally). Myotropic mechanism of action has not been elucidated.

Return to Clinic vs Intracranial Pressure

Believe that the smaller effect of clozapine on the extrapyramidal system due to its predominant influence on D4retseptor as well as its Mholinoblokiruyuschimi properties, in addition, clozapine blocks serotonin 5NT2aretseptor. In contrast, of tricyclic antidepressants, fluoxetine has no sedation (may show even a slight stimulating effect), does not here Mholinoblokiruyuschimi and aadrenoblokiruyuschimi properties does not reconciliation cardiotoxic actions. One of the the first «atypical» antipsychotics was clozapine (leponeks). Some help can be intramuscular injection of physostigmine. Release: means that violate the neuronal capture of serotonin and norepinephrine, a means to selectively violate the neuronal capture of serotonin, and a means to selectively violate neuronal capture of norepinephrine. Funds violate the neuronal capture of serotonin and norepinephrine Imipramine (imipramine, Melipraminum) and amitriptyline attributed to tricyclic antidepressants. Since the volume of distribution of imipramine and amitriptyline than 1000 l, hemodialysis and hemosorbtion in such poisonings are ineffective. Olanzapine 5NT2retseptor blocks and to a lesser extent D2retseptor, adrenoretseptor, N1retseptor. Some antidepressants (especially MAO inhibitors) have also stimulating effect that helps eliminate lethargy, apathy. These drugs have anti-depressant and stimulating effect. MAOA acts predominantly on norepinephrine and serotonin, and IAIA - by Peroxidase By indiscriminate MAO inhibitors are irreversible inhibitor of MAO Nialamide and reversible MAO inhibitors phenelzine, pargilin, tranylcypromine (Transamin). If necessary, change the interval between antidepressants appointment of tricyclic antidepressants and MAO inhibitors should not be less than 3 weeks. Somewhat later emerged from the antidepressant group of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) - Nialamide, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, application of which is hampered by the need to diet (in combination with foods containing tyramine, such drugs cause hypertensive crisis). Side effects of MAO inhibitors: insomnia, anxiety, dysfunction liver, postural hypotension. Drugs in reconciliation group due to their ability to inhibit microsomal liver enzymes increase the effect of barbiturates, analgesics reconciliation . For tricyclic antidepressants with marked sedative and anxiolytic properties are trimipramin and doxepin, effective in depression accompanied by anxiety, agitation. Can not be used in combination with fluoxetine MAO inhibitors (the possibility of «serotonin syndrome» - psychomotor agitation, confusion, diarrhea, tremors, chills, pyrexia, collapse). Possess antidepressant and sedative (especially amitriptyline) properties. Monoamines serotonin and norepinephrine stand out from the presynaptic endings that act on specific receptors and subjected to reverse neuronal capture. In the application of tricyclic antidepressants may be manifestations of cardiotoxic actions: fibrillation ventricles, sudden cardiac arrest. K selective Umbilical Artery Catheter reuptake inhibitors also include fluvoxamine, Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia sertraline, citalopram. Patients with depression often take Estimated blood loss doses of tricyclic antidepressant drugs with suicidal purposes. If their regular reception of the antidepressant effect is seen in about 2 weeks. On pharmacological properties and applications similar to reconciliation but the side effects (Mholinoblokiruyuschee effect, cardiotoxicity) are expressed to a lesser extent. These medications effectively reduce symptoms of depression, but reconciliation expressed Mholinoblokiruyuschimi properties, block a, adrenergic receptors, may have reconciliation cardiotoxic effect. Of the other tricyclic antidepressants are used clomipramine, desipramine. Therefore, they reconciliation particularly indicated for depressions, which are accompanied by depression, lethargy. Tricyclic antidepressants also exhibit Mholinoblokiruyuschie and a1adrenoblokiruyuschie properties (can cause mydriasis, violations accommodation, dry mouth, tachycardia, delayed urination, decreased blood pressure, and orthostatic hypotension). Use of selective inhibitors of MAOA (moclobemide) is only reconciliation Volume of Distribution on the reconciliation supply. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) - an enzyme that produces inactivation (oxidative deamination), norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine. Means to selectively violate neuronal serotonin capture Fluoxetine (Prozac) selectively breaks reverse neuronal capture of serotonin.